Master of Health Management Systems Program

My background in health care made me choose an education that would assist me in my long term career plan of the expansion of my family owned rehabilitation center. I have a BS degree in Respiratory Care from Shenandoah University, in VA and my curriculum here has laid the basic foundation for my career in the healthcare setting. I am not employed at present but I am currently a graduate student at NYU majoring in Occupational Therapy. So far in my one year experience at NYU as a graduate student, I have realized that this course would help me become a therapist but I would not be able to manage health care institutions .I can shine better as a leader and a team head rather than a therapist. I have organizing capabilities and good interactive skills that would find a better outlet in a manager’s position†¦ The greater percentage of the population in Saudi Arabia is under the age of thirty and this offers very great career prospects. I wish to make a mark in my own rehabilitation center in my home country. As I already have a family owned center I only need to refine certain systems and bring in innovative techniques. I would be a leader who is dedicated to make changes and contribute to our health care system in Saudi Arabia The health care industry in Saudi Arabia is growing rapidly and would provide excellent and challenging opportunities for providers My short term goal is to work in the ministry of health in Saudi Arabia and move up the ladder to assure better health care delivery. My long term goal is to work for the world health organization in the Middle East sector. My family has a rehabilitation center in Saudi Arabia .Ultimately I would be in a position to manage this also. I would make it a different one which is able to offer the best care possible .I have visions of expansion and opening branches. I need to survey the potential prospects in the places where I would like to branch out and run efficient organizations. I wish to bring in some innovative techniques, equipments and offer this to the patients in a cost effective manner. As an efficient manager and a healthcare provider I must be in a position to demonstrate quality outcomes, fiscal responsibility, and efficient and effective practices. To do this, I would have to collect and analyze data, incorporate innovative management techniques, and utilize new technologies to provide the best health care. This is a field that is constantly evolving. And unless I have a high quality education and the proper accompanying training, I would not be able to be a trendsetter in this field. The health professional is trained to acquire a unique blend of skills in health sciences, management and systems. As a graduate from this school, I would be prepared to understand trends and provide solutions in the evolving healthcare market. So far, my exposure has been fairly limited and though I have grand plans I do not know the integration of technology and management in this field of healthcare. This is what I would need in any healthcare organization and also in my own rehabilitation center. My ultimate aim is to improve the quality of life of physically impaired people in my residential city in Saudi Arabia and I am convinced that this Master of Health Management Systems Program would equip me with the necessary skills to fulfill my obligations to society.

Evolution of Life as Dasavatharam

Evolution of life explained in dasavaratham Many people Including some scientist don't believe In god Just because they think It's superstitious or something that doesn't exist. Our ancestors are also scientists in some ways. The people in very olden days used to accurately measure the time without having watch, people used to accurately predict the occurrence of lunar and solar eclipse without the facility which nowadays we have. We really dont know what they implemented to find these. Only thing we can do is to respect them and believe hat we always have something superior to us.Now let us see In detail how Dasavatharam (ten Incarnations of lord Vishnu) Is related to the evolution of life. Ten incarnation of lord Vishnu and evolution of life 1 . Matsya avatharam (Incarnation in form of Fish ) : This is the first incarnation of lord Vishnu. Matsya means fish in Sanskrit. It is believed that the life first originated from ocean. As we know fish can live only in water. Similarly the f irst life came from water. 2. Kurma avatharam (Incarnation In the form of Tortoise): This Is the second ncarnation of lord Vishnu.Kurma means tortoise. It Is believed by science that after life originated from water, than life tries to enter land where it can live in both water and land. Similarly to this Tortoise can live in both water and land. 3. Varaha avatharam (Incarnation in the form of Pig): This is the third incarnation of lord Vishnu. Varaha is in the form of Pig. After life that can exist in both water and land than came life which can only exist in land In the form of animals. This is what this Incarnation Indicates; a Pig can live only In land not In oceans. . Naraslmha avatharam (Incarnation In the form of half man and animal l: In Sanskrit Nara means humans and Simha means animal ( Lion ). In this incarnation the lord appears with a Lion face and human body. Similarly this says that humans where evolved from animals. This is also science says. 5. Vamana avatharam (Inc arnation in the form of a short man): This avathara mainly points out that small men evolved from the animals. The shortness Just to Imply the Incompleteness In the growth of the humans. Parasurama avatharam (Incarnation in the form of uncivilized man): This Incarnation is to mainly point out that humans evolved had lot of animal characters in them. They used the things in the forest for their survival. This is what this incarnation tries to tell. 7. Rama avatharam (Incarnation in the form of civilized man): After that men turned into a civilized person and use some better weapons than used from the forests. But still the man had animal contact with them. This is what Incarnation of Rama tells. Rama also used Sugreeva and his troops for his war.These troops were In the form of monkeys. 8. Balarama avatharam: After that man started agriculture to produce food. He became independent from animals. This is what the incarnation of Balarama tries to tell. 9. Krishna avatharam: As we know that Krishna played an important role in the great Mahabharata. Humans started to learn things and became more intelligent. They learned to make tricks with people and fool them like what we do. This is what the incarnation of Krishna was about. 10. Kalkl avatharam takes this incarnation to destroy the whole world.According to me this incarnation tries to say that humans are going to be part in the destruction of the world. Also we are in the slow process of destruction of the world. So this is how the incarnation of lord Vishnu goes hand in hand with the evolution of humans. These are some of the proofs which tell that god really exists. So it our duty to preserve our ancestors works and respect them and god. However science may go in advancement but it can never match the supremacy of lord. Believe in Hinduism and appreciate the science in it.

The Role and Tasks of Purchasing In Assuring Product Quality from Essay

The Role and Tasks of Purchasing In Assuring Product Quality from Suppliers - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that purchasing is critical to the effective management of material logistics. Positioned at the interface between the customer and the supplier, responsibility often falls on this function for managing the relationship between the customers and suppliers in the supply chain. The role of purchasing is a gateway to suppliers so that other business functions can communicate with counterpart within the supplier organizations. According to Garvin, there are eight basic elements of product quality. They are performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics and perceived quality. What is quality Quality is defined as "conformance to requirements". To maintain a high quality standard of goods, supplier quality is of paramount importance. Purchasing has different meaning in different industries. This article first introduces different perspectives of purchasing in different industries. Then, the role and task o f purchasing in the abovementioned areas will be analyzed respectively. Examples are given in each area in the article. Purchasing has four objectives. They are right quality, competitive price, economic quantity and on-time delivery. Right quality refers to conforming specification requirement. For competitive price, there are two aspects. One is internal competition, the other is external competition. The former can be achieved by reducing the production cost. The latter is due to highly competitive market, with reference to price comparison, historical price, shipping and payment terms etc. Third, economic quantity is crystal clear that buying quantity must lead to a lower cost of the purchase. Cost of holding inventories and cost of not holding inventories are essential consideration. Cost of holding inventories and cost of not holding inventories are essential consideration. Last, on-time delivery is vital to a company as there are cost and price consequence. Normally, urgent o rder placement is more expensive than the regular placement as late delivery for urgent one might hold up production and incur cost penalty. The aim of purchasing varies in different industries. In manufacturing firms, purchasing of raw materials and components is for supporting production. For original equipment manufacturer (OEM), high cost in purchasing raw materials means it should transfer the burden to its customers or cut the production cost. Besides, quality of components counts. Quality-in-quality-out is of paramount importance. If there is defect in one lot of components and it is not discovered by the staff responsible for quality control, it would be disastrous. Quality of components affects the quality of production, and hence affects customer satisfaction. In government or public organization, purchasing is used to support user's need. For example, stationery is essential for every department in government. Purchasing, in this sense, means buying at a satisfactory qual ity with the lowest price. This can be achieved by formal tendering. According to Government Procurement Agreement, Hong Kong government has to go for an open tender for a purchase order of approximately over $1.3 million. In service sector, purchases have to match corporate image and business strategies. For a five-star hotel, the quality of commodity purchased is indispensable for its image.  

Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass Essay

Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass - Essay Example One of the most pervasive feelings Douglass expresses is the utter lack of hope and meaning in the face of horrid life experiences. In chapter 10, Douglass experiences terrible conditions when living with Mr. Covey. Because Douglass is inexperienced as a field hand he goes through physical abuse at the hands of Mr. Covey that leads him to express his feelings. Douglass states, â€Å"I was broken in body, soul, and spirit. My natural elasticity was crushed, my intellect languished, the disposition to read departed, the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me; and behold a man transformed into a brute!† (Douglass, p. 105). This is a highly pivotal expression of feelings not merely to the chapter, but to the entire text as it demonstrates the mental and emotional transformation that Douglass has undergone through this experience. It is notable in that it demonstrates that slavery did not simply exploit disenfranchised individual s, but systematically worked to break down and destroy their sense of self and will. As Douglass experiences tremendous horrors in chapter 10, he ultimately resolves to escape. The process of Douglass escape is detailed in chapter 11. Douglass’ thoughts in this chapter are essential as they detail the stringent resolution he faces when confronting the challenges of escape. Douglass goes as far as to deride the Underground Railroad as being a short-term alternative that strengthens slave owners’ resolves. In a seminal quote Douglass expresses his feeling, â€Å"The wretchedness of slavery, and the blessedness of freedom were perpetually before me. It was life and death with me† (Douglass, pg. 122). This is a pivotal statement as it reveals the profound change Douglass has experienced throughout the narrative. Douglass has gone from an individual that has attempted to survive the abhorrent conditions of slavery to one that recognizes his freedom is his only choice.

LNG as Fuel for Aircraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LNG as Fuel for Aircraft - Essay Example Conceptual Configuration 1.1 Liquefaction Cycle Liquefaction allows gas to be stored economically. Propane Precooled Multi-Component Refrigerant Cycle (Carson’s Report, pg 221) will be used to create the LNG from the natural gas feed. This process also known as the C3-MR system is used widely in today’s LNG industries. This system uses a multi-component refrigerant, usually nitrogen, methane, propane, butane, ethane and pentane to condense and evaporate natural gas in one cycle over a wide range of temperatures.( http://books.google.com.au/books?id=b14hnWUAOPYC&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=propane-precooled+multi-component+refrigerant+cycle&source=bl&ots=NyBe3x3X2H&sig=lGG5YDOJ9TkF_ntOmXjcG2Es2Fc&hl=en#v=onepage&q=propane-precooled%20multi-component%20refrigerant%20cycle&f=false) 1.2 Storage Facility In this section we will show our storage facility by calculating the storage capacity needed (table 1.2.1), studying the current LNG storage tanks and their capacity and choosing the appropriate facility for our project. Storage Capacity                Number of Flights per day    14                      Usage per Flight          LNG Density (kg/m^3)    455 Weight (kg)    26043.97 Volume(m^3)    57.23949                      Usage per Day          LNG Density (kg/m^3)    455 Weight (kg)    364615.6 Volume(m^3)    801.3529                   Needed storage capacity per day (m^3)                LNG 801.3529             Annual Storage Capacity (m^3)                LNG 292493.8    Table 1.2.1 Storage Capacity Calculation LNG is a cryogenic liquid. The term â€Å"cryogenic† means low temperature, generally below -73 °C. LNG is a clear liquid, with a density of about 45% that of water. The LNG is typically stored in double-walled tanks at atmospheric pressure. The storage tank is actually a tank within a tank. The annular space between the two tank wal ls is filled with insulation. The inner tank, in contact with the LNG, is made of 9% nickel steel, suitable for cryogenic service and structural loading of LNG. The outer tank is generally made of carbon steel or prestressed concrete. 1.3 Processing Facility This stage includes the requirements to sub-cool LNG prior to the loading into the aircraft fuel pods. Lng needs to be sub cooled to -161 degrees Celsius for it to remain in the liquid form. 1.4 Distribution Facility Our distribution facility will include pipings, pumps and hydrants required to deliver LNG from the storage tanks to the aircraft. Pipeline System As the liquefaction and storage facilities are within the airport boundary, the pipeline costs will be lesser than that of distribution and transportation through trucks. Sizing requirements to meet the distance from the storage tanks to the aircraft. To be able to simultaneously fill 2 aircrafts at one time. Under the ground (trench covered by open grating) to prevent he at penetration. Pipeline insulation by thick polyurethane to prevent heat infiltration. 2. Ground Systems Operating Procedure The primary operations that will be considered in this section: Receipt of gas for liquefaction Liquefaction Storage Delivery of LNG In our project, we will be receiving liquefied natural gas, which will eliminate the process of liquefaction. The reason for such an arrangement would be that the amount of LNG usage for our operation does not require a facility to produce LNG with a natural gas feed. Also, costs are not feasible to create a natural gas feed at the airports. With this, we move on to the

FOREIGN MARKET ENTRY AND DIVERSIFICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FOREIGN MARKET ENTRY AND DIVERSIFICATION - Essay Example eting strategy that was ‘local skilled distributors’ oriented and focused advertisement to promote among specific segments of consumers such as attractive women consumers of beer yielded impressive results. In the present market condition when most of western economies are under recession the best business strategy is to expand to Asian markets such as India not ridden by recession and where there is large scope of beer business. Quick entry into North 45 percent of the global beer market is controlled by North America and Europe. Both the countries are facing acute recession that dragged the beer market share to a lower level. West European market has been declining since 2006 and has no hope to lift up in 2010 also. East European market which was growth oriented till last year is on the verge of declination. The emerging markets in Asia and Latin America are the only hope to enable the beer industry to provide scope of growth in future. Asia, which has the prospect to command one third of the global market sale is likely to have 5% growth rate on account of the aggressive use of beer by Chinese people. If Latin American consumption of beer is added to that of Asia’s the growth rate in sale of beer is likely to lift up to 8.3%. Sales volumes increased 3 per cent in 2008 and likely growth of 4 per cent increase in Brazil will support this rise. This is the strongest growing market today. For last five years the beer market has been growing differently in different regions World: 5.7%, Asia: 8.3%, East Europe: 7.8%, Central & South America: 6.3%, Africa 6%. Global beer market is gradually growing and alcohol market is falling The share of beer market which was about 44% in 2002 has increased to about 55% by 2009. Over the past five years, the beer industry has made a trend towards consuming expensive beers. In markets such as North America and Western Europe, premium beer’s share of total sales is already well above the global average In emerging markets,

Business Management as a career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Management as a career - Essay Example Your decisions may make or break the organization and the cost of making wring decisions is very high as compared to small businesses. At such a high level of risks and costs associated with mistakes, the decision makers do get a good remuneration packages. Salaries and other benefits for the top level management of such huge businesses are relatively in multiples of those for small businesses. Even in the small groups, the business management professionals are relatively high paid than the rest of the workforce. This is because there are a few people with good leadership and management skills to effectively manage the operations for such companies. Coming back to the career issue, what else can a person go for Amongst known professions, IT had a boom for a few years when everyone wanted to get into information technology and its related fields, but it ended soon. Chartered accountancy, a very tedious option, is nevertheless a very successful career choice for a number of people, but then one can not get the top hand in this profession as finance is a merely a supportive function in many organizations. Engineering and medical were also popular for some time, but then the market got flooded with professionals. Business management is a focused profession requiring a high level of knowledge of the subject and the market your business is dealing in. besides knowledge, the management and leadership skills are also required to manage effectively the operations of any business, whether it be a small owned confectionaries business, or a multinational FMCG or an automobile manufacturing firm. The qualifications required for business management are not the sole criterion for success. The major requirement is the dynamism and the abilities to run and manage business operations. The business manager should be able to forecast and meet the demands of its customers and satisfy them with the offering, keeping a long term profitable customer relationship. The acceptable qualifications, to judge candidates on a common ground, may be masters in business administration. MBA, a known business qualification, is specifically focused on business management and administration. This covers various aspects of modern business as a part of its curriculum. MBA curriculum and course content includes the teaching and case-based analysis in various business subjects including, but not restricted to, finance, accounting, marketing, management, human resource management and other optional or elective courses. An MBA has the option to major in any of the available fields like finance and accounts, HRM, marketing, MIS and others as per the offering of the universities. As stated in an article on self-employment "Working for oneself holds great attraction for many people. Some view self-employment as a chance to advance professionally by becoming their own boss, earning more money, or gaining status. Others seek the personal advantages it may provide, such as the ability to work at home, have more flexible working hours, or create profitable ventures from activities they enjoy. Still others want to try something different from their current job or the one

Abraham, Issac and Regan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abraham, Issac and Regan - Essay Example This brief vignette brings to mind the first line of Anna Karenina, â€Å"Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.' Joan and Kate are both unwise 'in their own way.'Consider the case of Joan's wasted life. Early in her career Joan took a highly ethical stand on an issue central to academia, student grading. Specifically, she refused to grade students on the basis of anything other than the work they submitted and her assessment of it. Undeniably, this decision effected the arc of her entire career. However, this is no reason to remain embittered throughout her life. Many people at the age of fifty deeply regret decisions they made with little thought half a lifetime earlier. This does not condemn them to a live of regret. Joan's academic discipline is not specified but if it were anything other than cost intensive-scientific research (history, languages, writing) she might have continued with her research.She could easily have moved from the 'ath letic factory' she could not see eye-to-eye with into teaching at smaller, private universities without a deep commitment to athletics and admiration for her academic integrity. Joan is unwise to have abandoned her personal search for fulfillment because a significant, but single aspect – her career – was unexpectedly disrupted early on in her adult life.Kate, in a nutshell, is leading an unexamined life. She viewed her early unethical behavior as 'unfortunate'. However, nowhere does the case mention that she made use of her profile and success.

Globalization of World Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalization of World Financial Markets - Essay Example Research finding proving the detrimental effect ÃŽ ¿f liberalization on the financial system. The Wyplosz research paper says that the evidence based on studies ÃŽ ¿f the experience with liberalization in a sample ÃŽ ¿f 27 developing and developed economies seems to be converging to the view that liberalization contributes to both banking and currency crisis.A study by Eichengreen, Andrew Rose and Wyplosz (1995) found that the presence ÃŽ ¿f capital controls reduces the possibility ÃŽ ¿f a currency crisis. This result has been confirmed in a 1999 study by Marco Rossi (IMF working paper WP/99/66) for a sample that includes developing countriesAccording to Wyplosz study, liberalization ÃŽ ¿f financial markets may be desirable in the long term, but it is risky in the short to medium term, and developing countries should approach this as a delicate step calling for cautious policy reactions, according to a research study for the Group ÃŽ ¿f 24 on International Monetary Affairs, the devel oping country grouping at the IMF and the World Bank.In theory the liberalization ÃŽ ¿f capital accounts and financial markets, promoted and pushed by the International Monetary Fund and the international financial institutions (IFIs) is different from the push at the World Trade Organization for liberalization ÃŽ ¿f trade in financial services.However, whether it be through capital account liberalization or via the liberalization ÃŽ ¿f trade in financial services, the effect on developing countries could be the same.... According to Wyplosz study, liberalization f financial markets may be desirable in the long term, but it is risky in the short to medium term, and developing countries should approach this as a delicate step calling for cautious policy reactions, according to a research study for the Group f 24 on International Monetary Affairs, the developing country grouping at the IMF and the World Bank. In theory the liberalization f capital accounts and financial markets, promo ted and pushed by the International Monetary Fund and the international financial institutions (IFIs) is different from the push at the World Trade Organization for liberalization f trade in financial services. However, whether it be through capital account liberalization or via the liberalization f trade in financial services, the effect on developing countries could be the same, particularly in the absence f major reforms to the international monetary and financial systems. In and by itself, the study finds that liberalization does not pose a lethal threat to the balance-of-payments and may carry significant long-term gains. However, he also stated that the positive influence f liberalization is not easily confirmed and most recent studies find little or no effect though some early results suggest that fast growth and financial development go hand in hand, In the case f capital account liberalization, the peak to trough decline in the output gap exceeds 20 percent. No other shock ever seems responsible for such a massive contraction. The boom exceeds the bust in magnitude, but not in length. Thus liberalization brings about an overall gain in terms f output. With the increasing

Impact of Mass Media Essay Example for Free

Impact of Mass Media Essay Enculturation has undeniably been influenced by mass media. Meanwhile, enculturation is defined as â€Å"the gradual acceptance by a person or group of the standards and practices of another person or culture† (MSN Encarta Encyclopedia Online, 2009). Mass media, on the other hand, is the â€Å"technological means of sending information, ideas, opinion, etc. through the mass commuinication device to a diverse audience† (National Institute of Open Schooling, 2009). In changing and molding the culture, mass media has become an essential factor. Due to the important influence of mass media in enculturation, both has inevitably become inseparable. Through mass media, communication and information dissemination has become more effective and swift. The information about one country is immediately transmitted to another place which will eventually influence that place. The influence of mass media, however, can be good or bad to young people. For example, the young people has also been assaulted with a series of conflicting messages that has relation to human decency, respect for others, and peaceful co-existence in one place through the power of mass media (Deci and Ryan). It is also noteworthy that an artist can easily influence the culture of young people through the power of mass media. Britney Spears, for example, has been an icon in some other parts of the world. Her styles and songs were inculcated in the minds of young people and made others emulate her entirely. Furthermore, the impact on enculturation by the mass media have become stronger because of the techological innovations like the internet. People from other parts of the world has come to understand the lifestyles of others. It has effectively eliminated physical, philosophical, religious, and political boundaries among nations. It can be noted that during the 9/11 attack, the worlds view about terrorists and terrorism have changed. Ramarkably, peaceful talks has also been possible among nations having different religious beliefs and government. Hence, mass media has been an effective means in shaping ones own culture and the acceptance of other peoples culture.

Safety Passport Scheme For Power Generation Sector Construction Essay

Safety Passport Scheme For Power Generation Sector Construction Essay Since the evolution of humans, people have been injured, maimed and killed during the course of their work right from carrying their work as hunters, to the modern day nuclear power plants. Implementation of health and safety practices dates back to the Hammurabi era (1780 BC), where death sentences were imposed to the builders who do not build it safer for the residents. As years passed, health and safety practices had good responses. It had many accidents, disasters and transformations to achieve a status of what health and safety practices mean to every industry now. Importance and awareness of health and safety practices among the workers are essential and also it is their right to have the information on health and safety practices. Before doing any work, one should know about the health and safety hazards in the work he does, to safeguard himself and those who work with him, he needs to be informed with the potential health and safety hazards in the environment. Health and safe ty practices became business and among many business models of health and safety practices, the model for informing and training an individual about the health and safety practices in the industry he/she works is Safety Passport Scheme. It is not just a business or a way for income, it became a business for the values it spread to the individuals who undergoes it. Health and safety at work is an area of management activity which, no matter how an organization perceives it, cannot be disregarded. Only professionals in health and safety can deliver the values to them. Health and safety became a subject of research where now we have even courses provided my many universities on health and safety practices. Safety Passport scheme generally is a passport for the individuals who hold it to enter the site they work for. A safety passport holder will have all the basic knowledge of the health and safety hazards around him and his colleagues and practices to follow in order to avoid them. A responsible manager on working site considers the safety passport as a way to have and ensure a safe environment in and around the site. Initially, safety passport schemes were developed generally which will apply to almost all industries. But as the technologies and methodologies changed drastically, specialisation and update was needed for the health and safety practices. In any sector, now only specialists are valued much. Gone are the days where people were looking for generic interests. In any field, only specialists are welcomed and recruited, specialists will have the deepest knowledge of that particular field they are involved with and they will excel in it. Though power generation sector falls under construction industry, it varies drastically from it. Technology, engineering, method of construction and erection of equipment, panels, testing and also hazards compared to the general construction industry, it has many potential hazards. In the research, I have done a market r esearch for a Safety Passport Scheme which is specially designed for the power generation sector by the health and safety specialists for the industry. The market research is conducted for United Kingdom. Report Background United Kingdom produces a total of 78,293MW of energy. As a single entity, British Energy is the market leader by producing 10,723MW of energy. Table below shows the market share of key players of power generation industry in UK. Major Players MW British Energy 10723 RWE Npower 10115 E.ON 9988.27 Scottish and southern energy 9176.4 Scottish power 6404 International power 4984 EDF 4928.4 Drax power 3945 Centrica 3530 Magnox 1622 Premier power 1156 Others 11720.93 Total 78293 The organizations have their own portfolio within their power production. Portfolios of power generation are decided by the fuel type they use for the production of electricity. Each fuel type has its own engineering process and construction, out of them few has similar engineering processes and construction only with minor changes, but they are regarded as same. So according to them, the categories I have decided are 1. Nuclear, 2. Hydro, 3. Combined Cycle Gas Turbine, 4. Coal/Oil/Gas, 5. Wind, 6. Others such as mine gas, poultry waste. According to the categories, the market share by fuel type is given in the table below. Fuel Type MW Coal/Gas/Oil 39298.3 CCGT 22091 Nuclear 10137 Hydro 4245.4 Wind 2297.6 Others 223.7 Total 78293 Out of the above categories, Nuclear does not support safety passport schemes and the safety passport scheme on which I am conducting the market research is not applicable to hydro power generation. I have identified the major players in other fuel categories for my research. In INDG381 the HSE (2003b) indicate that a safety passport training course should cover areas such as the hazards and risks that workers may face and how to identify them; having identified them what to do to either eliminate the hazard or control the risk; how to take steps to control the risks to themselves and others; where to find health and safety related information in connection with their job and how to follow a safe system of work. It is with this guidance in mind that the following reviews have been carried out. Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) CSCS was set up by the construction industry with the aims (amongst others) raising standards of health and safety to reduce risks and accidents throughout the industry (CSCS, 2007). The members of CSCS comprise employers trade bodies and Trade Unions including Construction Confederation; Federation of Master Builders; National Specialist Contractor Council; GMB Trade Union; Transport and General Workers Union; Union of Construction, Allied Trades and Technicians, Construction Industry Council. The holder of a CSCS card is in theory able to prove his training and by implication competence in the role he is undertaking. There are several categories of CSCS card visitor (to a construction site) trainee, construction site operative, experienced worker, skilled worker, supervisor, experienced manager, senior manager and professionally qualified person. The structure of the card system is, for the worker and supervisor section of the workforce, largely hierarchical. For example a construction site operative would be expected to, either through practical experience, induction or other training and under supervision carry out basic activities such as using relevant hand tools, using PPE, organising work, reporting of accidents and handling material and components using accepted and safe methods and procedures. To receive a skilled worker card, in addition to the requirements above, the applicant must be in possession of a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) or Scottish Nation al Vocational Qualification (SNVQ); or have completed a a recognised trade or employer sponsored apprenticeship and completed a City and Guilds of London Institute Craft Certificate. The other standard requirement is that applicants for all cards must successfully pass a health and safety test. The basic test is of 30 minutes duration and, in addition to English is currently available in German, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian and Welsh. There is no requirement for any pre-test training course. The basic core test contains à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦either 2 or 3 questions from each of the 15 Core sections with 40 questions in total (CITB, 2000).The core sections include accident prevention and reporting; health and welfare; manual handling; working at height; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); emergency procedures and first aid; safe use of hazardous substances and are heavily biased towards traditional construction of the building site type. The publication CITB ( 2000) also covers some specialist areas these include supervisory and management; demolition; plumbing or gas; highway works; specialist working at height and lifts and escalators. Summary CSCS is heavily biased towards traditional construction and covers the hazards and risks involved with traditional construction work at a basic level. Only two of the specialist areas (supervisory and management and working at height) have any real relevance to power station outage work. There is little emphasis on behavioural aspects of safety Engineering Services Skillcard The Engineering Services Skillcard, created by the Heating and Ventilation Contractors Association (HVCA), is similar in concept and affiliated to the CSCS scheme it has the aim of registering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the skills and competence of people working throughout the mechanical services sector of the building services engineering industry (HVCA, 2009). Accreditation in health and safety is achieved by undertaking the CSCS affiliated health and safety test. Other similar schemes affiliated to CSCS include Construction Plant Competence Scheme (CPCS0; Construction Industry Scaffolder Record Scheme (CISRS); Northern Ireland Construction Skills Register ((NI)CSR); Certificate of Competence of Demolition Operatives (CCDO); Joint Industry Board Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS); Plumbing Mechanical Engineering Services scheme (PMES) and Joint Industry Board for Plumbing in Scotland and NI (SNI JIB Plumbing) Summary Skillcard is an extension of CSCS above with exactly the same health and safety content and requirements. The CISRS and ECS affiliated schemes may have some relevance to outage work in certain circumstances. Client Contractor National Safety Group (CCNSG) The aim of the CCNSG Safety Passport Scheme is to ensure a basic knowledge of health and safety for all site personnel to enable them, after appropriate site induction, to work on site more safely with lower risk to themselves and others (CCNSG, 2009). Membership of the CCNSG includes the Construction Industry Association (CIA), the Trades Unions and the Training Providers. The Group is chaired by a member elected from the Client Group. The CCNSG Secretary is provided by the Engineering Construction Industry Training Board (ECITB), the organisation who now manages the scheme. The CCNSG safety passport is differentiated from the CSCS (and other similar card schemes) in two main areas. It is a specific accredited two day training course followed by an end test and it is claimed that it is designed for the Engineering Construction Industry rather than the Construction Industry. However it is the clients on individual sites who specify which card or cards is or are acceptable as a demons tration of competency on their sites. The CCNSG National Course includes a wide spectrum of directly safety related training including Safe Behaviour at Work; Safe Place of Work; Confined Space Entry; Excavations; Permit to Work Systems Safe Use of Access Equipment Working at Heights; Site Transport; Protecting the Environment; Safe Lifting and Manual Handling; Safe Systems of Work; Asbestos; Hazardous Substances; The Lifting Equipment and Lifting Operations Regulations( LOLER); The provision and Use of Workplace Equipment Regulations (PUWER); Electricity; Isolation; Hand-Arm Vibration; Noise. Summary Training for the CCNSG passport is carried out by accredited (by the ECITB) independent organisations and its quality is open to being variable. The hazards and risks covered in the training are mainly focussed on construction but more aspects of the syllabus appear to apply to power station outage work and some aspects of behavioural safety are covered Assuring Competence in Engineering Construction (ACE) Closely allied to the CCNSG and also supported by the ECITB is the Assuring Competence in Engineering Construction (ACE) scheme. ACE is an industry initiative supported by all areas of engineering construction in the UK including, in addition to the ECITB, Contractors the Engineering Construction Industry Association (ECIA), the National Joint Council (NJCECI), the ECITB and the Trade Unions. The ECITB (2009) say that the aim of ACE is to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ensure that the competence of workers in the UK engineering construction industry is validated against National Occupational Standards in a flexible and cost effective way, with minimum disruption to ongoing productivity. Furthermore since June 2008 ACE has become affiliated to CSCS and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a joint Assurance in Competence in Engineering Construction (ACE) and CSCS card will be available to individuals who meet the competence and health and safety awareness requirements relevant to NVQ Level 3. (ECITB, 2009b).This involves reaching a competency level in standard health and safety modules involves having a working knowledge of health and safety legislation, hazards, safety reporting, first aid procedures and procedures for reporting. Working knowledge is described as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the minimum level of knowledge and understanding sufficient to perform your role in a manner that would normally be associated with the minimum acceptable performance of a competent person undertaking your role (ECITB, 2009c). Information from ACE (2009) indicates that the driver for the ACE scheme is that of technical competence validated by ECITB NVQ or SNVQ and this is currently available in a restricted number of engineering trade roles (e.g. welding and plating; [steel] erecting; mechanical fitting (including maintenance); pipefitting (including Instrument); electricians and rigging) Summary Although the main thrust of the ACE card is raising the skill levels in engineering construction in, currently a limited number of craft areas, the health and safety modules appear to have a closer synergy with outage work than other schemes. Behavioural aspects of safety are dealt with in the relevant health and safety modules. Basic Electrical Safety Competence (BESC) The BESC registration scheme is intended for anyone who carries out work either directly or indirectly on or near operational plant and equipment associated with the transmission and distribution of electricity. The scheme was developed by a task force of the Electricity Association Management Co-ordinating Committee (Distribution Transmission) with the assistance of the Electricity Company Training Managers and of the Electrical Training Association. The managers of the BESC scheme, Energy Utility Skills (EU Skills), label it as a workplace competency assessment and registration process, dealing with entering, moving around and exiting three specific work areas namely, substations, overhead lines; and underground cables. The basic safety requirements of the scheme are those relating to safe entry and exit, equipment identification, use of the correct PPE and carrying out of tasks in a safe manner. They are based on standards taken from the City Guilds N/SVQ awards and in particul ar specific relevant modules from the Electricity System Technology Engineering Support and Electricity System Technology Engineering awards. Summary BESC is specific specialist training and qualification directed towards electricity distribution companies and National Grid with specific reference to the hazards from working adjacent to live high voltage electricity equipment and so has limited relevance to power station outage work. The Safety Pass Alliance (SPA) Renewable Energy Sreenivasan et al (2003) portray the SPA as a UK organisation whose objective is to design and implement Safety Passport Training Schemes, delivered through accredited training providers and committed to providing a nationally recognised standard of health and safety training. SPA passports comprise a core section along with an industry sector specific section. To obtain acceptance into any additional sectors the holder of a current passport would need to attend the appropriate sector specific training session to upgrade it. Sectors with specific modules include industrial utilities, building maintenance food and drink, renewable energy, ports and shipping, quarries and pharmaceutical. The core health and safety training covers the following areas Organising for safety (health and safety law, responsibilities and risk assessment); the workplace (Including safe behaviour, welfare, and access and egress); plant and machinery (including tools, electricity and workplace transport); heal th (including PPE, COSHH, musculoskeletal problems); procedures (fire and first aid) and the environment. One of additional industry specific modules is the Renewable energy which focuses on those issues of particular concern for those who work within the renewable energy. This course comprises of nine modules: Workplace risk, Licenses permits and passes, Plant and equipment, Explosive atmospheres, Environment, Electricity, Working at height, Occupational health, Personal Safety (Safety Pass Alliance, 2010). Summary assuming that the relevant Renewable energy module is undertaken this offers the prospect of a close match of relevance to outage work but it is little used within Generation currently. The only client for this is ATKINS and Atkins was involved in designing this course. Some aspects of behavioural safety are addressed in the core health and safety training module. The European Dimension There have been an increasing number of non UK nationals working in the UK, figures from the Statistics Commission (2009) indicate that there were 2 million foreign nationals of working age in the UK in 2007out of a total working age population of 27.2 million. Generation has seen increased incidences of foreign workers on sites during outages and because of this the landscape of competence assessment schemes is infinitely more complex. In addition to foreign language versions of the CCNSG safety passport, currently offered in the UK in Polish and Portuguese amongst others there are several similar passport schemes existing in other EU member states including Health and Environment Checklist Contractors (SCC) in the Netherlands, FAS Safe Pass Health and Safety Awareness in Eire and the Occupational Safety Card in Finland. Both the latter are the national equivalents of CSCS. In the review of safety passport schemes Sreenivasan et al (2003) explains that although originally intended f or the petro-chemical and pharmaceutical associated industries in the Netherlands, SCC covers a range of other industries involved in hazardous work including construction and civil works. The scheme is now widespread across Belgium, France, Germany, and Austria and can be used without restrictions in Belgium and the Netherlands. The SCC qualification has the basic elements that broadly cover the contents of the CCNSG syllabus. The SCC has recognised, however, that there is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦wide variation and an (excessively) wide bandwidth in the exams set by the various examination bodiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [possibly due]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to the excessively vague definition of the attainment targets (SCC, 2003). Included in this is a reference to Romiszowskis taxonomy that discriminates between knowledge (knowing something) and skills (being able to do something). Included within the attainment targets are the requirements to cover both these aspects of competence. Summary The SCC process does recognise that competence in health and safety does include more than the successful completion of a training package and although one of the target industry sectors petro-chemical has similarities with the Generation business, there is little evidence of the particular qualification having been used to any great extent within the UK. Advantages and Disadvantages of Safety Accreditation Schemes There are advantages and disadvantages to all accreditation/passport schemes discussed by Sreenivasan et al (2003). Advantages include the possession of a safety passport gives readily available evidence that the contractor has some form of basic health and safety training. A passport shows that a worker has up-to-date basic health and safety or health, safety and environment awareness training (HSE, 2003b) what they crucially do not do is demonstrate a way of knowing or identifying that a worker is competent (HSE, 2003b).Furthermore they are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ generally not designed to correct the major faults in competence or diligence that usually result in the major accidents à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Sreenivasan et al, 2003). A recognised widespread scheme with a standard syllabus and acceptable attainment standards does however give some modicum of standardisation across an industry or an industry sector. The possession of a passport takes the form of a credit card-sized plastic card, usu ally with the employees name, photograph and identification number. If this is accompanied by a centrally held database directly accessible by subscribers it is a straightforward way of ensuring a passports validity. Finally passports do provide the contract company with a demonstration and audit trail that they are providing some of the suitable and sufficient training required by health and safety legislation. One of the main disadvantages of all accreditation and passport schemes is their financial implications in terms of training cost and lost productive time. These may well be able to be absorbed by a large company as part of its training budget but may well become a burden for both SMEs and individuals who act as freelance contractors. For businesses some of the costs may be able to be off set by grants (for example from the CITB Construction Skills levy) and a demonstration that most of a companys staff are in possession of a recognised safety accreditation may result in inc reased business. Additionally, although there is no empirical evidence to substantiate this, there is the possibility that there is a financial pressure on the accredited training provider to provide evidence of his worth and doing this by ensuring that he has an acceptable success rate in the assessment from his candidates. Aims and Objectives The report analyses the market for safety passport scheme for the power generation sector. The main aims of this market research are To provide evidence based approach for the acceptance of Safety Passport Scheme designed for power sector in UK. To capture the perceptions, opinions and aspirations of the potential target consumer market in relation to the safety passport scheme for the power sector in UK. Objectives were to identify Current schemes available and accepted. Which ones are most popular and why. Report on size of potential market in UK for a power generation specific safety passport scheme. Research into whether a sector specific passport would be accepted by Power Generators and associated contractors; specifically aimed at benefits and possible demerits. Confirm that an Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) scheme will have widespread acceptance. Research current pricing and if new scheme were developed what price should be set to achieve the Return on Investment. Review on how to roll this project out sustainably, assuming that new scheme is acceptable own resources, licensing to other providers to propose alternatives. Definitions Senior Executives The group consists of Directors of power generation organizations, managing directors of power generation organizations, and Senior Health and Safety professionals with massive experience in Health and Safety practices. Plant Managers The group consists of Health and Safety professionals responsible for power plants, and directors of power plants. Contractors The group consists of Managers of the construction contractors firms, Health and Safety directors of the firm, and Health and Safety managers. For current Schemes and their popularity Interviewed people from IOSH, ECITB, CCNSG, SPA, UKCG, CIC, and questionnaires distributed among contractors and plant managers. Potential Market in UK The market for safety passport scheme for power sector is the workers of the contractors who work for power generation industry. Data obtained from Office of National Statistics (ONS), UK. Acceptance of sector specific passport scheme with IOSHs accreditation For Power Sector Questionnaire distributed among senior executives, plant managers and contractors. Study of the environment by looking through variables like Regulation, News from power generators, Interview with health and safety professionals who had massive experience in the field, Political views, News from national skills academy of power. Economic patterns on Health and Safety spending Current Pricing Schemes Interviewed people from SPA, CCNSG/ECITB, CSCS, etc., including training providers Review on how to roll this project sustainably References from services marketing cases Market research for the Safety Passport Scheme was conducted during the period when the halted constructions of new power plants due to the recession for the past two years resumed their work. Spending was stopped during the recession on construction projects. The construction industry was overcoming the recession where the contribution of construction industry towards GDP of the country was increasing again. After a series of job cuts and cost cutting processes, the employment rate of construction industry had a significant increase during the period. Economic Trends Cost-cutting programmes, internationalization, commercial principles, shareholder value and sustainability, In all high value bids, safety is given more importance than bids of low value (Amec takes central role in  £20bn nuclear programme., 2009). Market Size Market for Safety Passport Scheme for power generation sector is the construction workers who work for the power generation industry. More than one million people are employed for the construction industry (Construction workers, 2008). Industry Structure Spending on health and safety Contractors fear that after years of improvements in health and safety standards, it could be undone if power generation organizations exploit the recession to drive down the construction costs. If power generation organizations force below-cost bidding, contractors could go backwards in health and safety standards. Power generation organizations could get really cheap prices but something has to give, they cannot expect contractors to come up with rock-bottom prices and then expect fantastic safety standards (Cheap deals could hit safety, warn contractors., 2009). Safety director of EDF said that contractors chosen to deliver EDFs new build schemes are expected to be productive, modern site committed to safety. The statement proves that power generation organizations are committed to Health and Safety practices. The construction director at EDF also announced that he is willing to help the suppliers to improve its safety competence (Power station sites face tight surveillance., 2009). In a statement released by UK Contractors group, they have agreed that Safety Passports cut risks in contract work (Safety passport cuts risks in contract work., 2009). Market Position Key Trends Speaking to media on EDFs  £20bn new build nuclear programme in UK, chief executive Vincent de Rivaz told that EDF is committed to safety. And it will maximise the opportunities for the UK supply chain. When issuing the civil packages to Laing ORourke, Costain and Carillion, De Rivaz confirmed them that EDFs commitment to safety and quality assurance is absolute. And he wanted to work with the partners who too are committed to safety. He also mentioned that the suppliers too will be expected to meet tough productivity and skills training targets (Safety first for EDFs nuclear contractors, 2009). Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) has claimed that nearly one out of every 10 UK businesses has slashed its health and safety budget because of recession. IOSH also found out that for most companies, health and safety is not the first budget on the chopping block. Contradicting the above stated facts, IOSH found out that emphasis on the need of health and safety practices among employers and staff work more closely together to minimise risks with business leaders in particular needing to ensure that corners are not cut out during economic times (Paton, UK reduces budgets for health and safety, 2009). Key Associations DRETS Analysis Demographic factors Population growth growth of number of employees, increase in the number of households, better education, Regulatory factors Political and legal factors learnings of the government in power, shift of regulatory power IOSH said that falling foul of tough new safety regulations could spell the end for firms already struggling with the economic downturn. It also warned that companies that play at health and safety practices, or firms that fail to provide a safe environment for staff, could face the prospect of incurring increased financial penalties. As per the new law which is effective from 16 January, maximum fine for minor breaches are from  £5,000 to  £20,000 and also pave the way for prison sentences of up to two years for individuals found guilty of health and safety breaches (Pitcher, 2009). Economic factors Contribution to Gross national product of the industry, changes in consumers income, changing expenditure patterns, countrys change of economic development, inflation, Looking for balance, confident and living well, at ease, overwhelmed. Technological factors Integration of technology with the service, impact of e-business and m-business Social factors Prevailing values, traditions, trends in society these tendencies are influenced by the above four factors. Individualism and rising customer expectation, the need of the groups, interest in health, time usage and energy expenditure, Competitive Structure The Marketplace Market Leaders Marketing Activity SWOT Analysis Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats The Future Influence In 2002 when contractors are asked to increase company reporting on health and safety performance in the annual reports, just 103 of the countrys top 350 contractors have accepted the challenge. Out of them only the following five are top-10 contractors, Balfour Beatty, AMEC, Carillion, Skanska and Mowlem. HSC had asked the companies to put health and safety at the top of the agenda, but thats not the case in reality. It also found that, unless the decision makers know of the advantages to the bottom line of their organization, there will be no changes. HSC chairman Bill Callaghan also mentioned that the industry has a role to play and it is through shared experience and a change of culture that the sharing will happen (Pearman, No business case for safety stats, 2002). Forecasts Sector Trends Civil contractors are gearing up to bid for multi-million pound frameworks as part of the  £50bn nuclear power plant decommissioning programme now being rolled out across the UK. Last week, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) took control of the countrys 20 nuclear power plan

Offshore Oi Drilling Causes Environmental Damage Essay -- Environmenta

Oil drilling is the process of perforating oil from the earth’s surface. This process can be dangerous. The drilling process can be harmful to nearby animal life. The process used to locate oil waves can be harmful to animal life. When the oil ascends, it brings with it a number of deadly chemicals. The chemicals released can consist of mercury and arsenic. Other substances such as lead have been known to ascend with the oil (Horton, Jennifer, 1). An oil spill is the process by which oil is mistakenly dispensed. The danger and damage an oil spill can cause is exponential. An oil spill can cause millions of dollars in damages. Oil spills are one of the worst catastrophes that happen, and they happen frequently. It has been predicted by the Mineral Management Service, that a spill of one thousand oil drums will occur in the Gulf of Mexico every year (Horton, Jennifer, 1). It is expected that there will be a spill of more than ten thousand oil drums every three or more years (Horton, Jennifer, 1). Oil spills have been defined as inevitable (Climate & Energy, 1). As of now, there exists no truly safe way of cleaning a spill (Climate & Energy, 1). The oil spill that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 was one of the worst oil spills that has ever occurred (Clean & Energy, 1). The Gulf of Mexico oil spill by British Petroleum is the largest environmental catastrophe in the history of the United States (Clean & Energy, 1). Over two hundred million gallons of oil was released into the Gulf of Mexico (Clean & Energy, 1). The oil flowed for approximately three months (Clean & Energy, 1). Within that time period, the spill was responsible for eleven human deaths (Clean & Energy, 1). Extensive damage was done to the environme... ...e 1-2. 14 Nov. 2014. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/BP%2c+firms+made+risky+decisions+before+spill%3a+re... â€Å"BP shares hit 6-month high after Shell takeover report.† Oil & Gas News. Jan 10, 2011: Page 1-2. 14 Nov. 2014. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/BP+hit+6-month+high+after=Shell+takeover+report Chelette, Tim â€Å"Options for Dealing with a Spill.† Climate & Energy. Copyright 2010 Oceana: page 1 14 Nov. 2014. http://na.org/en/our-work/climate-energy/offshore-drilling/learn-act/options-for-dea â€Å"The Spill- By the Numbers.† Climate & Energy. Copyright 2010 Oceana: page 1. 14 Nov. 2014. http://na.oceana.org/en/our-work/climate-energy/offshore-drilling/gulf-oil-spill-response-c Why is offshore drilling so controversial? How Stuff Works.com page 1-2. 14 Nov. 2014. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/offshore-drilling-contoversy2.htm

Fatherhood, Responsibility, and the Internet :: Technology Parenting Essays

Fatherhood, Responsibility, and the Internet â€Å"As if you needed another reason not to trust a skank†(Diatribes, par 1). This is the opening statement on one of the endless amounts of websites on the internet. This particular website, and many others, is about a certain aspect of fatherhood. On the web one can find a site about pretty much anything, and when looking into a particular subject like fatherhood they can find all different types of views on fatherhood, organizations of fathers, and even advice about fathering. The website that contains the above sentence is a site that discusses stories about some men that do not believe they should pay child support. In some of the cases, the man is unaware that he was the biological father of the child, but was ordered by court to pay to help support the child. Other cases were about divorced couples where the man is upset about providing for the children after the separation even if they are his biological children. In the view of Daniel Callahan, the author of the article â€Å"Bioethics and Fatherhood†, this website is nonsense. He argues that, â€Å"given the obvious importance of procreation in bringing human life into existence, fathers have a significant moral responsibility for the children they voluntarily procreate†. In the situations where the biological fathers just don’t want to give up their money for the children, Callahan’s argument can be directly applied. For the other cases, the argument ca n still be used because those men had believed that they were the real fathers at first. The fact that they aren’t obligated to take on the responsibility of caring for that child, does not mean that all responsibility should be taken off the real biological father and put on the man that thought he was. The website, Women’s Health Care Services, also agrees with argument and says, â€Å"The father of a child has a legal responsibility to provide for the support, educational, medical and other needs of that child.† Therefore the dad should at least be there financially for their child. The men in the Diatribes site also are hostile and put the blame on the mothers. Fatherhood, Responsibility, and the Internet :: Technology Parenting Essays Fatherhood, Responsibility, and the Internet â€Å"As if you needed another reason not to trust a skank†(Diatribes, par 1). This is the opening statement on one of the endless amounts of websites on the internet. This particular website, and many others, is about a certain aspect of fatherhood. On the web one can find a site about pretty much anything, and when looking into a particular subject like fatherhood they can find all different types of views on fatherhood, organizations of fathers, and even advice about fathering. The website that contains the above sentence is a site that discusses stories about some men that do not believe they should pay child support. In some of the cases, the man is unaware that he was the biological father of the child, but was ordered by court to pay to help support the child. Other cases were about divorced couples where the man is upset about providing for the children after the separation even if they are his biological children. In the view of Daniel Callahan, the author of the article â€Å"Bioethics and Fatherhood†, this website is nonsense. He argues that, â€Å"given the obvious importance of procreation in bringing human life into existence, fathers have a significant moral responsibility for the children they voluntarily procreate†. In the situations where the biological fathers just don’t want to give up their money for the children, Callahan’s argument can be directly applied. For the other cases, the argument ca n still be used because those men had believed that they were the real fathers at first. The fact that they aren’t obligated to take on the responsibility of caring for that child, does not mean that all responsibility should be taken off the real biological father and put on the man that thought he was. The website, Women’s Health Care Services, also agrees with argument and says, â€Å"The father of a child has a legal responsibility to provide for the support, educational, medical and other needs of that child.† Therefore the dad should at least be there financially for their child. The men in the Diatribes site also are hostile and put the blame on the mothers.

Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird :: essays research papers

One of the principal aims of To Kill a Mockingbird is to subject the narrator to a series of learning experiences and then observe how much she profits from her experiences. There is rarely a chapter that does not teach Scout something new or does not build toward a new learning experience. So, one rewarding approach to the novel is throughout an examination of these experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the largest view, Scout learns about (1) justice and injustice through the Tom Robinson trial; (2) prejustice and its effects on the processes of the law and society; (3) courage as manifested in ways others act; and (4) respect for individuality of the human being. On a smaller scale, Scout learns numerous things about numerous people; she becomes aware of the difficulty of being a lady, particularly when under dressed; and she learns when to fight and not to fight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of scouts learning experiences being in clearly insignificant scenes. Ultimately she must learn to respect the difference in behavior between vastly different people, especially when the behavior differs from the normal as radically as in the cases of Boo Radley, Mrs. Dubose, and the Cunninghams. So early in the novel, Scout in the novel, Scout is faced with some confusing experiences at school, where she confronts a teacher who dosen’t understand why she can read and where she meets Walter Cunningham. Later, Atticus explains to her that to judge a person you must try to see things from that person’s point of view. You must learn to walk aroun in his skin. Then you cab uderstand better why a person acts or belives what he does.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only at the end of the novel does Scout finally learn to respect this saying. Until then, she remains curious and confused why Boo never came out of his house. In the meantime she goes through a series of maturing experiences. She learns how to see her from the teachers point of view; she tries to judge the Cunninghams and the Ewells from their side; she bears the insults of the town and particularly the apperent viciousness of Mrs. Duboes. From all of these, she learns to look at the individuality of the others!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Scout, courage is most often something with physical act and involves personal danger. It is very difficult for Scout to see that greater courage is often required in other places of life. Scout learns that the greatest courage can be found in a situation where a person knows that he is going to lose and still continues to fight.

Mandatory Reporting

PEARSON (pages 169-171) ?Mandatory reporting refers to a legal requirement to report an act, event, or situation that is designated by state or local law as a reportable event ? all states mandate the reporting of certain vital statistics such as births and deaths ? many states require reporting of abortions and neonatal deaths ? federal and states laws mandate the reporting of communicable disease, including venereal diseases ? http://library. ahima. org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_023186. hcsp? dDocName=bok1_023186 ?Abuse or neglect of minors and older adults abuse or suspected abuse of vulnerable individuals is mandated to be reported in most states ? nurse reports the required information through the administrative chain of the institution, beginning with the nurses immediate supervisor and the PCP ? all reported information is documented in the client record ? most states only require a good faith suspicion, based on information disclosed by the client and/ or phys ical symptoms manifested by the client, that a use has occurred ? the nurse is not required to conduct any type of investigation or otherwise confirm that abuse or neglect has, in fact occurred ?Good Faith Immunity in all states, health care workers are protected when they report suspected child abuse in good faith, even if the subsequent investigation does not make a determination of abuse ?Guidelines Regarding Disclosure of Health Information ?know federal and state laws concerning duty to report ?report the required information to the appropriate governmental agency promptly ? comply with reporting laws in good faith ?follow agency policy carefully when making a report ?avoid a breach of confidentially, and report only the information mandated. Good faith immunity only applies to required information reported to the appropriate agency or office Mandatory Reporting of Nurses in Violation of the NPA ?NC General Statutes mandate that any person who has responsible cause to suspect t hat a nurse is in violation of the NPA has the duty to report the relevant facts to the Board of Nursing (BON) ? The reporting forms available online ?NPA spells out any formal action the board may take, and it usually requires clear convincing evidence ? Many complaints are resolved through informal processes; in other instances, a formal administrative hearing is held ? Nurse has a right to due process ?Nurse is informed of any allegations regarding his or her practice ?Nurse has the opportunity to respond to and defend against these allegations ? The matter is heard by a fair and impartial body ?An immunity clause protects individuals who make a report unless the reporting person knew the report was false or acted with reckless disregard, without concern for the validity of the allegations made in the report ? Nurses have a legal obligation to report conduct that is incompetent, unethical, and illegal ? This includes reporting violence, abuse or neglect towards clients by other n urses and extends to reporting conduct involving third parties, including family members and other healthcare providers Mandatory Reporting of Certain Injuries and Illnesses ?Mandatory reporting of infectious conditions is a cornerstone of maintaining public health ? Since 1878, the US Public Health System has been collecting information on infectious conditions for the purpose of early identification and control of massive outbreaks, including, when necessary, instituting quarantines ? High profile diseases and threats of bioterrorism have brought renewed attention to this system of ongoing monitoring ?Data are reported at the county level, with PCPs reporting these diseases and conditions to local health departments ? Each county health department reports to the state’s Department of Health, where data are managed and maintained ? Data on many diseases and conditions are provided from the state level to the CDC, which publish the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. ?Alth ough the law targets physician reporting, nurses need to be aware of the policies and procedures for reporting within their place of employment, especially those who are employed directly by their local health department ?For those diseases and conditions that are required to be reported within 24 hours, the initial report shall be made by telephone to the health department, with the written report being made within 7 days ? Each state has laws that require healthcare providers and hospitals to report certain types of injuries and illnesses ? Bullet wounds, gunshot wounds, powder burns, or any other injuries arising or suspected of arising from the discharge of a gun or firearm ? Illnesses that appear to be caused by poisoning Injuries caused by, or appearing to be caused by, a knife or other sharp or pointed instrument if the physician or surgeon treating the individual suspects a criminal act may have been involved ? Any wound, injury or illness resulting in bodily harm as a resul t of a suspected criminal act or act of violence ? Infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and Escherichia coli ? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have identified more than 50 infectious disease in the US that must be reported. These include the following: ? Anthrax ?Botulism ?Cholera ?Diphtheria ?Hepatitis ?HIV infection Influenza-associated pediatric mortality ?Meningoccal disease ?Shigellosis ?Syphilis ?The PCP or hospital staff member making the report should provide client’s ? Name ?Age ?Sex ?Race ?Residence or present location ?Nature and extent of injury or illness ?Due to the presenting circumstances, the ED typically reports injuries due to violence ? Diagnosis of infectious disease may occur at any point in the health care interaction ? The nurse needs to be familiar with the agency policy for reporting infectious diseases and ensure that the report is made ? http://www. cdc. gov/nhsn/pdfs/FAQMandatoryReporting. pdf ?http://www. cdc. ov/mm wr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001665. htm ?http://udini. proquest. com/view/an-evaluation-of-mandatory-goid:612742223/ ? http://wwwn. cdc. gov/nndss/script/DataCollection. aspx ?Other Examples of Mandatory Reporting ?In most states, child care workers, teachers, and other school personnel are mandated to report any suspicions of child abuse or neglect that involve children and families with whom they work ? School principals and other administrators typically are required to report to law enforcement when they have knowledge that a crime has been committed on school property; crimes that must be reported include the following: ?Assault (especially assault with a weapon or assault resulting in serious injury) ? Sexual assault ?Rape ?Kidnapping ?Indecent liberties with a minor ?Possession of a firearm on school property or in violation of the law ? Photo processors or computer technicians who, within the scope of their employment, come across images of a minor (or one who reasonably appears t o be a minor) engaging in sexual activity typically are required to make a report to local law enforcement

Cultural Diversity Assignment Essay

Religion is an important value in Appalachian culture. Loyal Jones stresses the fact that religion can often become â€Å"fatalistic. † What did he mean by this? How has this attitude come to affect the Appalachian culture in a negative way? Religion, according to Loyal Jones, is one of the ten common values common to Appalachians. Religiosity is often manifested by Appalachians in their values and in the meanings which they regard life. It differs from the orthodox practices of most religions such as attending certain rituals or going on worship days. Sometimes however, they come to view their religion as being too fatalistic. The downside for such is that people then tend to attribute events (often aversive ones) to factors which they believe are beyond their control but in reality, are not. What might have been avoided incidents are often accepted as the way they are. Fatalism however does not only involve disadvantages. For instance, fatalism eases up the burdens that most Appalachian people have to deal with in their everyday life. By thinking about their conditions in terms of fate and destiny, these people come accept their situations more willingly. Thus, it is important that people from Appalachia find where their locus of control (a â€Å"construct which is designed to evaluate a person’s perceived control over his or her behavior† (Locus of Control)) lies. While it is helpful to be fatalistic at times, it is also important that one takes an active part in controlling his or her future. 2. In Morocco, there are only two genders, but the two are very distinct. How do the concepts of private space and public space relate to gender? What is the purpose of the HIJAB AND THE DJELLABA? How do these relate to the concept of cultural relativity? In Morocco, public and private spaces relate to the issue of gender in that these concepts still reflect much modern Moroccan society’s interactions. Although gender divisions are slowly becoming fluid in that men and women can interact publicly; there are still domains in which a particular sex is not allowed to enter or participate in. For instance, certain professions are restricted to males (Women in Morocco). The hijab is worn by Muslim women based on religious doctrines (Parker, 1996) in order to achieve certain purposes. For instance, it is seen as a means to protect women from the male gaze (Parker, 1996). The djellaba on the other hand is worn by men (Djellaba). The primary purpose of the two articles of clothing is to provide a distinction between the sexes. These articles thus address cultural relativity in that they come to stand for greater things (i. e. gender) when they are viewed in a certain cultural context. 3. Asian Americans are often referred to as the â€Å"model minority. † What does this mean? Why do some Asians find problems with this concept? Asian Americans are often referred to as the model minority because most of them eventually excel in their education as well as in their chosen careers although they were initially â€Å"penniless and homeless† when they come to America. Although the stereotype is different from the Black and Mexican stereotype in that it is generally positive; some Asian Americans who haven’t accomplished the said stereotypical connotations feel that they are unduly compared to those who have (Banerji, 2007). As in the case of any stereotype, the dangers of overgeneralization should always be avoided. 4. What is the significance of the video titled, â€Å"Two towns of Jasper? † Why was it important to use 2 film crews in telling the film’s story? What would you hope people take away from viewing this film? The film is significant in that it addressed the issue that supremacist attitudes do and still exist in American society, at least until the late 90s. Almost eight years after the incident involving Rodney King and the LAPD, the truth as to the â€Å"abolition† of racial practices was again put into question with the case of James Byrd Jr. The film in essence, placed emphasis on the need to evaluate whether people still viewed other individuals based on their skin color. The directors of the film, Whitney Dow and Marco Williams employed two film crews in the movie in order to elicit real and untainted responses from the residents of Jasper. Filming was structured in such a way that a white crew filmed white residents and a black crew filmed black residents (Two Towns of Jasper). It was only after the movie was released did the residents know that their responses would be integrated into a single project. I believe that the film hopes to raise people’s awareness to the fact that racial views are still prevalent in American society. The use of the aforementioned filming technique hoped to provide a venue in which the audience could critically think about an important issue that has far reaching implications. 5. How would you respond to the following statement: â€Å"Talking about diversity only makes problems worse? † People who believe that talking about diversity only makes problems worse definitely undermine the value of dialogue as a means to reach a compromise or agreement. Many think that diversity is a touchy subject since various issues are involved and I believe that they do have valid reasons for thinking that way. What I do not agree with however is their belief that sensitive topics should not be talked about and kept private. In my opinion, talking about diversity lessens a person’s â€Å"aversion† towards the issue. But talking about it isn’t the most crucial part of the discussion. There are certain considerations which merit considerable attention. For instance a lot of problems arise when people come to the discussion bringing with them strongly – held convictions as well as prejudices against certain individuals or groups of people. The end result is that more problems arise than are solved. In general, I think that discussions on cultural diversity could not only prove to be important in removing inhibitions on the issue but could prove to be instrumental in addressing a lot of concerns that are crucial to the improvement of a lot of lives, especially of those who are involved. 6. Describe your biggest diversity challenges so far in your life as well as what possible challenges you may face in your professional (Human Services/Education) life. What actions are you taking or will you take to deal with these situations? Living in a country in which a lot of races coexist, I believe that the biggest challenge for me lies on the fact that I am exposed to different people coming from different backgrounds. For instance, the school provides a venue for me to meet new friends. Most of them however come from different backgrounds and hold on to beliefs that are often dissimilar from what I believe. Challenges in my professional life may include the same considerations as mentioned above. I think venturing into any career requires one to be open minded as well as mindful of the â€Å"idiosyncrasy† which may exist among individuals and cultures. Taking the time to learn about another culture helps one to accept the fact that differences do exist among us culturally and that we could coexist in peace and mutual respect if only we go beyond our cultural barriers. References Banerji, S. (2007). UCLA Expert Challenges The Asian – American â€Å"Model Minority† Assumption. Retrieved on 27 November 2007 at http://www. diverseeducation. com/artman/publish/article_7071. shtml Jones, L. (2006). The Proud Appalachian. Retrieved on 27 November 2007 at http://www1. epinions. com/content_4639989892 Locus of Control. (n. d. ). The American Heritage ® Stedman’s Medical Dictionary. Retrieved on 27 November 2007, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/locus of control Two Towns of Jasper. (2002). Retrieved on 27 November 2007 at http://www. pbs. org/pov/pov2002/twotownsofjasper/index. html Women in Morocco. (2007). Moroccan Culture Series. Retrieved on 27 November 2007 at http://french. about. com/library/travel/bl-ma-women. htm Parker, K. (1996). Women, Islam and Hijab. Retrieved on 27 November 2007 at http://www. english. emory. edu/Bahri/Veil. html Djellaba. (n. d. ). Dictionary. com Unabridged (v 1. 1). Retrieved November 27, 2007, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/djellaba

Jesus and Mohammad Essay

Religion is the food for the soul, a type of food that never spoils or depreciates. It is the vessel of life, a vessel that is unbreakable and never shudders even from the most destructive outside force. It is the cup of morality, the one that shapes our character and personality. With these different views, one can say that religion is an important aspect of one’s life. It constitutes and contributes to the spiritual well-being of an individual, which is faced today with different options regarding their religion of choice. There are Methodists, Protestants, Muslims, Roman Catholics, and more. However, the two most influential and widespread religion are Islam and Christianity. Christianity is believed to be founded by Jesus Christ, the redeemer of humanity. The beliefs of Christians, which are also shared by Roman Catholics, are summarized in a doctrine called the Nicene Creed. In general, Christians believe in the Holy Trinity, that there are three superior beings: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Believers of this religion grew up with teachings about the creation of the world by God in seven days, the fall of Adam and Eve, the reincarnation of Jesus Christ, and the redemption of mankind (Walsh, 2005). On the other hand, Islam is considered to be founded by Mohammad or Muhammad. Its followers are called Muslims and they believe in only one God, Allah. They believe that Muhammad is the last prophet and Jesus is only one of them. Just like in Christianity, they also believe in the final judgment to be passed on to the blessed and the damned (Braswell, 2000). To know better the concept of these two religions, it may be helpful if one will look at the historical background of the prominent personalities of Christianity and Islam. Jesus Christ, also known as Jesus of Nazareth and the Messiah, was the child of Mary and Joseph and born in the humble stable of Bethlehem during the reign of Augustus. The famous Nativity is described as the birth of Jesus where he was visited by the shepherds and the three kings to give their offerings. He is said to be born without original sin and is said to save humankind from sins. One of the most prominent incidences during his childhood years is when he and his parents visited Jerusalem for the feast of Passover. It was during this time that he was lost for several days and nights, and was found by his parents in the temple teaching about the Word of God. After the incident, Jesus made subsequent visits to Jerusalem allowing him to see how corrupted religion was and the need to reform both its doctrine and practice during that time. He performed miracles and taught the Word of God through fables. Most of his teachings focused on the kingdom of God, how God loves mankind, and how God forgives people when they ask. He became well known and was praised by many people. This caught the attention of the Roman governors and the scribes, who ordered his execution when Jesus claimed that he was God. He was tortured, crucified, and died on the cross. After three days, he resurrected from the dead and ascended to heaven. Thus, it marks the start of the salvation of humankind (Stalker, 2009). Conversely, Mohammad is the most prominent personality in Islam. Mohammad or Mahomet was born in Mecca in 571 during the reign of Khusro Anosharwan. His father was named Abdallah while his mother was named Amina. His father died several days before his birth. He became an orphan when he was six years old. It was during this time that his mother died while they were in a journey to Medina. Abdl al-Muttalib, his grandfather, took care of him but died when he was eight years old. Finally, he was taken care of by his father’s brother, Abd Manaf, who joined Muhammad on a caravan to Syria (Rodinson, 2002). He became a camel driver on their journey from Syria to Arabia but soon established his career as manager of caravans together with the merchants. On his travel, he met numerous people with various nationalities such as Christians, pagans, and Jews. At the age of 25, he married Khadija whose age is 15 years older than him. Throughout his life, he sought for contemplation and solitude by visiting Mecca and the caves in Mount Hira. On one of his visits, he was visited by Angel Gabriel and asked him to proclaim the Word of God. He was reluctant at first but later accepted that he was the messenger of God after receiving support from Khadija and subsequent visitations of angel. His teachings include worshipping Allah, repenting from evil, and truth about materialism and immortality. He did not perform miracles but only taught what he received. At the start of his struggle as a prophet, he had only 40 followers, who experienced prosecution because his teachings were said to be a great threat to the Meccan life. However, good news came that there was a small group of people supporting his movement in Yathrib, later called Medina. He established his teachings in Medina and began a movement to reclaim his former land, Mecca. After several battles, he regained Mecca and the entire Meccan population was converted to Islam. He returned to Medina in 632 where he died but Islam had already conquered most of Arabia (â€Å"Life†, 2010). The death of both personalities brought immense impact in their respective religion. Without the death of Jesus, Christianity will not be born. It was through his death that Christianity flourished as his apostles began to preach his word across the nation (Ermatinger, 2007). His death became the heart of Christian faith as it became a proof of God’s love for mankind. â€Å"For God so loved the world that He gave us his one and only son that whoever believes in Him will not perish but have eternal life† (John 3:16 New King James Version, 1985). His death allowed people to become closer to God. In addition, his death followed by his resurrection allowed man to have new hope. The first book of Peter stated that: â€Å"Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, to obtain an inheritance which is imperishable and undefiled and will not fade away, reserved in heaven for you† (1 Peter 1:3-4 New King James Version, 1985). The death of Muhammad also allowed Islam to spread. It now extends on both sides of the earth reaching the Atlantic on the other side then reaching the borders of China on the other. The success of the spread of Islam can be attributed to the works of the caliphs, Muhammad’s successor with great political and military abilities (â€Å"Life†, 2010). However, the death of Muhammad brought conflict to the Muslims. Debates conjured and are present up to these days whether leadership must be placed upon Muhammad’s direct descendants (according to Shia) or upon the caliphs (according to Sunni) (â€Å"Comparison†, n. . ). In Christianity, the life of Jesus was celebrated starting from his birth up to his death and resurrection. The birth of Jesus is commemorated by Christians every 25 December and is marked by the giving of gifts and sharing of love. Before this day comes, Christians celebrate the season of Advent to prepare their hearts for his coming. His death and suffering are also commemorated by Christians through the season of Lent. During this season, people subject themselves to fasting and reconciliation of their sins. Moreover, Jesus, which is one of the Holy Trinity, is worshipped by most people through the celebration of the Holy Eucharist every Sunday. Unlike Christians, Muslims do not worship Muhammad. They only view him as the last messenger of God but worship Allah alone (â€Å"Comparison†, n. d. ). Even after the death of Jesus and Muhammad, their words and preaching continuously spread. In Christianity, there is the Bible. Bible comes from the word â€Å"biblos† which means book. It is the compilation of the works of prophets recounting the good deeds and mercy of God on humankind. The bible is also divided into two testaments: the Old and the New. The Old Testament, which consists of 39 books, contains the writings of the Jewish people that reflect their philosophy through literary compositions such as hymns and songs (Weatherall, 2009). The New Testament, on the other hand, is a collection of 27 books that provide a significant influence on Christianity and is recognized as a Sacred Scripture by the Christian Church. Included in this part of the bible is the so-called â€Å"Fourfold Gospels† written by Gospel writers with the books of Mathew and Mark recounting the biographies of Jesus Christ (Achtemeier, Green and Thompson, 2001). In Islam, the means of spreading the word of Muhammad is through the Qur’an or Koran. Its contents are revealed to Muhammad in stages for 23 years. It is considered as the holy book of the Muslims where the revelation part is intended to correct the error found in the Old and New Testaments. It has 114 chapters but is divided into 30 parts called juz. During Ramadan, the Muslims read one juz per day until they complete the whole month celebration (â€Å"Qur’an†, 2009). In conclusion, the two most influential religions in the present society have their own similarities and differences. Despite these, what is more important is how people respect and follow the doctrines of their religions. It does not matter whether he or she is a Christian or a Muslim. What matters most is how that people work themselves to build a life of morality and treasures in heaven and not on earth.

Response Paper to “Against School” by John Gato

Against School Response In â€Å"Against School,† John Gato explains that there’s something wrong with the education system along with the process of schooling. In my response, I understand where he’s coming from. I’ve been contemplating myself as to how my twelve years of education had been. I personally agree to his arguments against the education system and public education. I believe what Gato is saying that the educational system and schooling has an issue involving the control and predictability of children.First, Gato contemplates about schooling and the boredom involved. I agree that, in his view, there’s boredom involved in teaching. He states that during his time teaching, he asked the teachers why they felt bored, and they put the blame on the children. However, I don’t believe this one bit. I believe that individuals who take responsibility are not to be solely blamed. I think everyone involved in this kind of situation share the responsibilities for who’s bored.In this situation, it’s possible to say both the students and teachers are to blame for boredom, and no one is solely to take responsibility for that. From his standpoint, Gato believes that the education system controls the will of students. According to Gato, the true intentions of mandatory education are to turn children into servants. Gato refers to Alexander Inglis’s view of mandatory education. Within these concepts are six basic functions, and most of these functions are what control is in the education system.A few functions, for example, are the diagnostic and directive functions and the differentiating function. Respectively, one function states that the school evaluates each student’s â€Å"proper social roles† by logging evidence into cumulative records known as your â€Å"permanent record† while in the other function, children are sorted to each role after evaluation and trained in a systematic m anner. Another thing to point out is the predictability involved with the system of education.Alexander Inglis’s view of mandatory education has a basic function that represents this predictability. According to Inglis, this basic function of modern schooling is considered the integrating function, which intends to make children as the same as possible. I believe this can relate to the school uniforms that some schools still do. Personally, I don’t prefer to be as â€Å"alike† because I believe that everyone is naturally different in their wn way, so restricting the freedom for people with coerced conformity wouldn’t be entirely human. To recap, Gato focuses on the system of education and schooling involving with the controla and predictability of children that are being taught. I thought that going to schools meant that I would have to be educated in a social, organized way, but he gave me a perspective that I have not put a lot of thought into. Children are neither to blame nor the teachers. Sometimes the system of education is not what people think it is.

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Supply chain management - Essay Example 1). This paper will discuss what a supply chain is and how managers can effectively and efficiently generate positive integration and response of its operations and services. Porter and supply value analysis Michael Porter  (1980) posited that there are values required in the operational chain of an organization or an industry to attain certain competitive leverage and advantage (p. 12). Porter suggested that evaluating the internal dynamics and activities of an organization will add more value to the supply, product, and services cost-efficiently—targeting that this will gain marginal value for products or services (Porter, 1980, p. 20; Fawcett, Ellram & Ogden, 2007, p. 15). If the business operations, marketing, sales, and systems are smoothened, it is expected that the company will gain marginal value for these products and services (Gadde & Hakansson, 2001, p. 1). This precluded the fact that the company is able to strategize and identify the targeted market where their products and services can be delivered satisfactorily and in less cost (Porter, 1980, p. 20). Experts contended that if managers are able to concretely apply the supply chain analysis well as a power tool for strategic planning, the administrative and organizational model can be applied and be extended in the entire supply chain and distribution networks (Porter, 1985, p. 3). Thus, it must be understood that the successful delivery of product and the ensuing economic reward it can generate for the organization (Porter, 1985, p. 3). Business strategists likewise opined that the best possible value can only be attained if the relevance of the processes in all stages is valued and if proper synchronization of all related activities is also logically synchronized (Hugos, 2006, p. 1; Christopher, 2005, p.20; Gadde & Hakansson, 2001, p. 10). Porter (1985) cited an example of the application of value chain analysis led by a manufacturing industry. The company acquired raw materials and opt imized them in the production of a certain product deemed useful and demanded by the market. The company network with retailing industries and presented the products conveniently to targeted customers either through advertisement or any form of rigorous promotion to appeal to its customers its usefulness and the entailing services it could support them (Mindtools, 2013, p. 1). Often, the retailers will package the promotion and use of the products to which it targeted to distribute. Porter’s formula on this is shown below (Mindtools, 2013, p. 1): Value Created and Captured – Cost of Creating that Value = Margin When the organization value what it produces, the more profitable it will be and the more customers are enticed to purchase these products, the more competitive advantage is therefore built (Mindtools, 2013, p. 1). Porter contended that if the human resources of the company understand how they created value and if they are able to participate in creating more va lue, they are likely be able to develop the critical elements